ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF BREEDING IN DAIRY ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN THE SAMARA REGION

The article discusses the economic features of breeding in dairy cattle husbandry in the Samara region. At breeding enterprises in the region, many problems are also typical for commercial farms, first of all, low profitability compared to crop production. The purpose of the study is to develop the author's classification of breeding and identify the main economic problems associated with the economic efficiency of milk production at breeding enterprises. To achieve this, the following tasks were to be solved: study of literary sources and identification of the main classification criteria; formation of classification of breeding; identification of the main economic problems associated with breeding at the regional level; comparison of the performance results of breeding and commercial dairy farms; analysis of the results of state support for breeding farms. As a result of the research, it was revealed that, despite a fairly high increase in productivity, this was achieved due to a sharp reduction in the number of cows. The decline in livestock is observed mainly due to the liquidation of “traditional” production (commodity dairy farms) with low profitability. Breeders considered in the study are characterized by a high level of technology, which allows them to produce a lot of high-quality milk, which is realized at a higher purchase price. Thanks to this, the profitability of milk production in 2018—2022 was 4.5 % higher compared to commodity dairy farms. The cost structure in breeding facilities was also very different from commodity enterprises. State support for agriculture, after a sharp reduction in 2016, is gradually increasing, although it has not reached its previous level. The share of state support associated with breeding in the period under review varied from 5.98 to 9.84% of the total agricultural support in the region (or 13.26-27.2% of livestock support). If we consider support by budget, then 65.81% of subsidies go to the regional budget, 34.19% to the federal budget.

breeding, profitability, cost structure, cost, government support, regional budget, selling price, breeding enterprise, productivity, classification

Titorenko K. V. Economic aspects of breeding in dairy animal husbandry in the Samara region. Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo = Business. Education. Law. 2024;1(66):154—161. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2024.66.936.