BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPO-RHYTHMIC STRUCTURE OF MOVEMENTS OF THE APPARATUS IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE (WITH RECOMMENDATIONS ON MUSICAL ACCOMPANIMENT)

The technique of working with the apparatus in rhythmic gymnastics is based on the tempo-rhythmic structure of movements. Each movement, such as throwing, catching or rolling, must be performed at a certain tempo and rhythm, harmoniously combined with the music. The tempo sets the speed of the element’s execution, determining how fast or slow the apparatus is moving in space. The rhythm is responsible for the organization of movements in time, creating a certain pattern and emphasizing accents in the music. Gymnasts often prefer musical accompaniment with an emphasis on percussion instruments and are forced to adapt the rhythm of their exercises to the music. Unfortunately, there is no targeted training in this area. The study of the technique of working with the apparatus is often reduced to a simple “one and two” count, which is typical for elementary rhythmic structures. The article presents a biomechanical analysis of the tempo-rhythmic structure of key technical elements in rhythmic gymnastics (hoop spinner, figure eight of the ball, horizontal mill of clubs, ribbon boomerang). The research methodology includes an analysis of the duration of phases, speed and angle of inclination of the apparatus in each phase of movement using the Kinovea software package on a sample of 100 gymnasts representing various cities of Russia. The analysis revealed a unique rhythmic pattern of each element, characterized by fluctuations in speed, phase change, and accents. The uneven tempo of most elements is noted, requiring gymnasts to have a high level of control and a sense of rhythm. Recommendations on the selection of musical accompaniment, emphasizing the dynamics and contrasts of movement, are formulated. In particular, music that emphasizes accents and contrasts is recommended for the mill of clubs, for the ribbon boomerang — reflecting the contrast between the throw and flight, for the hoop spinner – corresponding to the speed of rotation, and for the figure eight of the ball — emphasizing smoothness. The study contributes to understanding the peculiarities of tempo rhythm in gymnastics and offers practical recommendations for optimizing the training process and creating expressive compositions.

rhythmic gymnastics, biomechanical analysis, tempo-rhythmic structure, technical elements with an appa- ratus, hoop spinner, figure eight of the ball, horizontal mill of clubs, ribbon boomerang, rhythmic pattern, musical accompa- niment, training process, composition

Suprun A. A., Medvedeva E. N., Vlasova N. Yu., Borisova V. V. Biomechanical analysis of the tempo-rhythmic structure of movements of the apparatus in rhythmic gymnastics: from theory to practice (with recommendations on musical accompaniment). Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo = Business. Education. Law. 2025;2(71):426—433. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2025.71.1296.