MODELS OF HIGHER EDUCATION: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The paper presents a comparative analysis of national models of higher education in the USA, Germany, the Netherlands, China and Russia. The author has developed a set of criteria for differentiation of principles of higher education in various countries. They are: attribution of higher education to private (satisfied on the basis of private solvent consumer demand) or collective benefits (sponsored blessings), organization of higher education funding, entry and exit barriers for students, degree of commercialization, the role of academic community. The study shows ideal types of models of higher education that exist in both developed and developing countries. They are: the market for private services, state paternalism, the market for merit goods, the quasi-market and the hybrid model. The market for private services is characterized by paid higher education for students and low government regulation. State paternalism is characterized by the provision of free access to education. In the merit market model, payment for educational services is carried out on a parity basis by the state and households. The quasi-market is characterized by a state-controlled market of private goods with a high selection at the entrance according to knowledge and abilities. The hybrid model combines state paternalism for some with the market for private services for other consumers. The author comes to the conclusion that low funding and commercialization of higher education leads to deterioration in quality of education as well as devaluation of university degrees.

higher education, commercialization of higher education, models of funding of higher education, sponsored blessing, academic community, market for private services, state paternalism, the market for merit goods, the quasi-market, the hybrid model.

Ustyuzhanin V. L. Models of higher education: comparative analysis. Business. Education. Law, 2021, no. 3, pp. 144—153. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2021.56.315.