LEGAL CULTURE AS A BACKGROUND FOR THE FORMATION OF BIOETHICS IN THE SPHERE OF PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF THE CITIZENS

The relevance and purpose of the presented study are due to the emerging problems of the formation of national legislation in the field of law and medicine based on the principle of patient autonomy and the ethical standards of behaviour in therapeutic intervention, scientific research on the human patient as well as the problems of shaping bioethics and raising the level of legal culture of the patient. The concept of medical ethics appeared before bioethics, which is designed to oblige doctors to use their experience and knowledge for the sake of healing the patient, and not causing harm, for the sake of preserving life and keeping confidential information that should not be disseminated. Modern bioethics should be built on these values and principles. Studying this topic involved the use of a variety of methods: analysis; synthesis; survey; and observations (both direct and indirect). 613 residents of the city of Orenburg and the Orenburg region aged 37—70 took part in the ascertaining experiment. The survey conducted among the population of the Orenburg region revealed that the overwhelming majority of respondents never heard about the concept of bioethics and its legal culture (71 %); 2 % of respondents complained about poor timing in the provision of medical services; also, 78 % of conflicts that aroused among residents of the Orenburg region were related to the culture of behavior of both patients and doctors. The results of this research suggest that there is an urgent need to raise the level of legal culture in society at large and to educate law-abiding citizens, as well as to develop a legal culture for doctors and patients, as an essential precondition for the development of bioethics.

legal culture, bioethics, human rights, euthanasia, biotechnology, legal regime, values, legal awareness, legal activity, ethical problems, law.

Konoplyannikova T. V., Shagivaleeva I. Z. Legal culture as a background for the formation of bioethics in the sphere of protecting the rights of the citizens. Business. Education. Law, 2021, no. 3, pp. 289—294. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2021.56.369.