FROM THE HISTORY OF TEACHING GERMAN IN THE 18th CENTURY RUSSIA

The article analyzes the peculiarities of teaching German in the 18th century in Russia. The analysis is based on relevant manuals and dictionaries. The importance of this period in the history of pedagogy is determined by the fact that it was the beginning of the systematic teaching of foreign languages and the first appearance of manuals. In addition, the 18th century in Russia is marked by a number of important social and ideological changes (the reforms of Peter the Great, the age of Enlightenment), which also affected pedagogy. The author identifies the following characteristic features of teaching German in this period: imitation of German manuals, excessive influence of Latin, instability of terminology (the use of either Russian or Latin models), inconsistency in the interpretation of some grammatical phenomena, imperfection of dictionaries (lack of proper reference apparatus: lists of abbreviations, indications of declension, plural forms, etc.). At the same time, the materials of the manuals also show a certain evolution of these traits. Thus, later grammars already show less influence of Latin compared to the very first published in 1730. The analysis of the available materials allows us to conclude that the methodology of teaching German in the 18th century was based on the grammatical-translation method, which is focused on mastering the written language, reading and working out grammatical constructions, while speaking skills are relegated to the background. Despite the listed imperfections of this period of development of pedagogy in general and teaching German in particular, subsequent achievements would have been impossible without it.

German language, Enlightenment, teaching methods, foreign languages, pedagogy, Russian-German relations, Latin, terminology, grammar-translation method, grammar

Novoselova E. V. From the history of teaching German in the 18th century Russia. Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo = Business. Education. Law. 2023;3(64):354—358. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2023.64.697.