ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL PROJECTS IN RUSSIA

The article presents a comprehensive economic assessment of investment projects for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Russia in the context of the transition from a landfill-oriented model (85.3% landfill disposal in 2024) to established national targets: 100% sorting and reduction of landfill to 50% by 2030. Based on data from Rosprirodnadzor, the National PPP Center, and the Rosinfra platform, the dynamics of SMW generation, the structure of investments, and the financing mechanisms of the REO PPP are analyzed. The financial, technological, and social incentives necessary for scaling up the industry, including import substitution of equipment and growth in public demand for separate collection, are justified. Summary tables of project status and investment dynamics are presented. The assessment shows that achieving the targets for complete sorting and a twofold reduction in MSW landfilling is only possible with the simultaneous use of financial, technological, and institutional instruments. The key areas identified are: expansion of preferential project financing with state participation after completion of the pre-project stage; issuance of green bonds and formation of a secondary market for concession shares as mechanisms for reducing the cost of capital; a tariff model that encourages actual sorting; the spread of special investment contracts for robotic sorting, pyrolysis, and WtE complexes; the mandatory inclusion of public education costs, the unification of technical and economic justification methodologies, and the introduction of a unified KPI system. The comprehensive application of these measures will accelerate the introduction of new capacities, reduce investment costs, and form a sustainable market for secondary resources and renewable energy. The results can serve as a basis for adjusting industry policy, increasing investment attractiveness, and forming a strategy for the development of a closed-loop economy.

municipal solid waste / MSW, economic efficien- cy, management, investment attractiveness, public-private part- nership, secondary resources, projects, recycling, green mecha- nisms, circular economy

Ishin L. A. Economic aspects of municipal solid waste disposal projects in Russia. Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo = Business. Education. Law. 2025;3(72):114—121. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2025.72.1408.