NEAR-DAM TERRITORIES OF LARGE HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES AS AN OBJECT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

For the first time in the world practice the results of the research devoted to the problem of the necessity to take into account the increase of the risk of natural and technogenic accidents at large hydraulic structures during their operation in relation not only to the structures themselves, but also to their surrounding territory, are offered. The article systematizes the factors that were not sufficiently taken into account in the process of designing and constructing dams or that later appeared in terms of the peculiarities of legislative regulation of the impact of hydraulic structures and the risks arising in this regard. The study of foreign experience and the norms and rules existing in the current legislation of the Russian Federation to ensure the safety of territories near large hydraulic structures is carried out; the introduction of the concept of a dam territory as an object of state regulation is justified; recommendations on state regulation of their operation are developed. The results of statistical processing, systematization and scientific analysis of data of instrumental vibration monitoring of the territory near the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric power plant (HPP), systematization of archival and experimental information about the current geodynamic situation near the dam of the specified HPP and near other large hydroelectric facilities, as well as management of hydraulic structures are used. It is proposed to introduce an object of state regulation — a dam territory, within the boundaries of which a working hydraulic structure has an intensive complex multifactorial, geodynamic and vibration impact, which are risk factors for the life of the population and economic damage; to develop special state regulations for the operation of hydraulic structures and dam territories, taking into account all existing factors and determining the responsibility of various public services; to develop a system of integrated monitoring of dam territories and accelerate the introduction of scientific research into the practice of ensuring their safety; to optimize administrative measures and optimal spending of funds, zoning of dam territories according to the degree of influence of the hydroelectric facility in terms of its vibration effect. The need to develop a mechanism for financing activities in these territories using the experience of targeted financing, the introduction of tax incentives, the possibility of alienating such territories by analogy with an emergency zone, is shown.

management of hydraulic structures, making managerial decisions, legislative regulation, regulation of operation, hydroelectric power plant, dam, near-dam territories, vibration and geodynamic impact, zoning of dam area, operational safety, risk of natural and technogenic accidents, environmental protection

Mitina N. N., Shumakova E. M., Vashchenko M. O. Near-dam territories of large hydraulic structures as an object of public administration. Business. Education. Law, 2021, no. 4, pp. 30—39. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2021.57.419.