CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT UNDER POSTINDUSTRIALIZATION AND DEINDUSTRIALIZATION

The postindustrial trend in the development of the economy began to turn into its deindustrialization, which has negative and positive forms. According to experts, negative deindustrialization is fraught with an imbalance in the economy and serious social costs. Positive deindustrialization (neo-industrialization) promotes social and economic progress. These processes are manifested in the characteristics of employment, the study of which should contribute to their identification and justification of options for neo-industrialization. As the study showed, the type of development — postindustrial or deindustrial — is reflected in the sectoral and professional and qualification characteristics of employment. They can be considered as indicators of the named types of development. The analysis was carried out for a number of developed and transitive economies, as well as for the BRICS countries. From the point of view of postindustrialization, they differ significantly in the scale of its course. On the basis of these characteristics of employment, it has been established that most developed economies and some of the BRICS countries are subject not so much to postindustrialization as to negative deindustrialization. It leads to the instability of their development and conservation and the growth of unskilled labor. Transitive economies, which include Russia, are more stable in terms of industrial potential. However, their desire for development in the manner of developed countries leads to negative deindustrialization. The BRICS countries also need positive deindustrialization, where high employment in unskilled labor remains. At present, the urgency of strengthening the industrial potential has increased significantly, since it is based on the increase in the self-sufficiency of economies, which is in great demand due to the disruption of world economic ties.

postindustrialization, deindustrialization, neo-industrialization, employment, economic sector, professional group, labor, qualification, developed countries, transitive countries, BRICS countries

Popova R. I., Toksanbaeva M. S. Characteristics of employment under postindustrialization and deindustrialization, Business. Education. Law, 2022, no. 4, pp. 98—104. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2022.61.445.