ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF REGULATION OF BREEDING IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE UNION STATE AND THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article discusses issues related to the peculiarities of the concept of “ownership of breeding products” and the management system of livestock breeding in the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. As a result of the change in economic formation after the collapse of the Soviet Union and gaining independence, qualitative changes occurred in agricultural production. However, they did not fully affect livestock breeding. The old system, based solely on government funding, is currently unsustainable for a number of reasons. The countries under consideration do not have the ability to fully form this system. Therefore, it is necessary to actively attract private capital to carry out breeding activities while maintaining control functions on the part of the state. Currently, the situation in dairy farming in the three countries is very different from each other. From the analysis it is clear that from the point of view of improving breeding work, expressed in the growth of milk productivity, the highest priority of agricultural producers are agricultural organizations. In the Republic of Belarus, the share of cattle owned by agricultural organizations is 98%, in the Russian Federation — 45%, in the Republic of Kazakhstan — 9.5%. Naturally, in such conditions, the use of genomic selection methods forces breeding work to cover not only the sector of legal entities, but also individuals, including farms, individual entrepreneurs, and private households. This is only possible if the ownership of breeding material by individuals is introduced into legislation. Based on the results of the proposals, a short-term forecast for increasing milk productivity was compiled, which is characterized by a strong statistical relationship (with the exception of one scenario). The highest rate of productivity growth is expected in the Russian Federation, the lowest — in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The possibility of acquiring ownership of breeding animals by individuals, including those who are not individual entrepreneurs or farmers, can stimulate the economic interest of these individuals in investing in the livestock sector of agriculture.

dairy cattle breeding, livestock, ownership, livestock breeding, Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Belarus, state support, breeding management, breeding farms

Titorenko K. V. Economic aspects of regulation of breeding in the countries of the Union State and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo = Business. Education. Law. 2023;4(65):149—155. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2023.65.841.