DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPTS OF JOINT MILITARY EXERCISES AND COALITION MILITARY CYBER EXERCISES

The article examines a legal problem in the Russian legal system and legal doctrine — the lack of an official and scientifically sound definition of the term “joint military exercises”. The relevance of the study is due to the growing role of such exercises in the modern international security system, especially against the background of the development of information and communication technologies, cyber threats and hybrid forms of conflict. The author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the regulations of the Russian Federation, bilateral and multilateral agreements on military cooperation (including agreements with Kazakhstan, India, Iran and documents of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe), as well as foreign legislation, in particular the Law of the Republic of Lithuania, which contains one of the few legal definitions concerning international exercises. Based on a systematic analysis, significant features of joint military exercises are identified: their contractual nature, objectives (including operational training, demonstration of force, deterrence of threats), the composition of participants (military personnel, civilian personnel, accompanying persons), the use of military equipment and the specifics of the legal regime in the territory of the host state. Special attention is paid to the legal status of the participants — functional immunity and the institution of a «quasi-territory» of warships and aircraft. The paper proposes a new, comprehensively reasoned definition of joint military exercises, and also introduces the concept of joint military cyber exercises, taking into account the cross-border nature, the participation of mixed actors and the virtual environment. The proposal to replace the term “joint exercises” with a more precise one — “coalition exercises” is substantiated. The research was carried out using general scientific and special legal methods. The results of the work can be used to improve Russian legislation, develop the doctrine of international military cooperation and increase legal predictability in the field of security.

joint military exercises, coalition military exercises, military exercises, cyber exercises, legal regime, functional immunity, quasi-territory, international military cooperation, definition of concepts, information and communication technologies, doctrinal definition, legal status of participants in the exercises

Litvinova S. F. Definition of the concepts of joint military exercises and coalition military cyber exercises. Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo = Business. Education. Law. 2025;4(73):235—241. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2025.73.1428.