PRINCIPLES OF USING GENETIC TECHNOLOGY IN SELECTION
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Author(s): | Rozhmanova A. A., |
| Number of journal: | 1(74) | Date: | March 2026 |
| Annotation: | This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the key legal principles that govern the regulation of genetic technologies in breeding and agriculture in the Russian Federation. The study explores the transformation of the regulatory approach from the fundamental scientific foundations of classical breeding to the current strict legal regime established in response to the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Special attention is paid to the fundamental guidelines of state policy enshrined in the Law on State Regulation of Genetic Engineering Activities, as well as the industry-specific principles derived from them, such as the priority of public interests, the rational use of land resources, ensuring environmental and biological safety, and establishing a sustainable system of state control. A separate analytical section focuses on a comparative analysis of conflicting international approaches, including the concept of “substantial equivalence” and the “precautionary principle” that dominates Russian practice, leading to the prohibition of commercial cultivation of GMO crops and the expansion of measures to manage potential risks. Based on a critical analysis of the legislation, structural gaps are identified, such as the lack of clarity in the rights and guarantees of the participants in the relevant legal relations, the absence of clearly defined responsibilities for government agencies, and the fragmented nature of administrative regulations governing violations in this area. Additionally, this work highlights the need for comprehensive modernization of the regulatory framework in order to achieve a balance between the objectives of biological security, promoting scientific and technological development in the agricultural sector, and raising public awareness. The presented findings contribute to the development of the domestic doctrine of agricultural and environmental law in the context of regulating innovative biotechnologies. | ||
| Keywords: | genetic technologies, breeding, genetically modified organisms / GMOs, precautionary principle, state regulation, environmental safety, legal principles, agricultural law, biological safety, product labeling, responsibility, regulatory framework |
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| For citation: | Rozhmanova A. A. Principles of using genetic technology in selection. Biznes. Obrazovanie. Pravo = Business. Education. Law. 2026;1(74):252—258. DOI: 10.25683/VOLBI.2026.74.1569. |
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